S 567 
.T8 
Copy 1 




System 

o^ farm Accounting 

Book of Instructions 



Tweeds System of 
Farm Accounting 



By Henry E. Tweed 




Marshall Printing Company 

Publishers 

Seattle, Washington 



I ^9^ farm Accounting 

COPYRIGHTED 1916 

BY 
HENRY E. TWEED 



i? 



JUL 22 1916 

©CI.A431979 



SS 



INTRODUCTION 

It is necessary for a farmer to know how much he is making or losing on 
his business each year, how much he is making or losing on each variety of 
apples, pears, peaches or other crops and how much he can improve his business 
so as to make more money. Cost accounting, for the grower is the same sort of 
work which the large manufacturing concerns are doing to learn whether they 
make a profit on certain commodities. The grower wishes to learn whether his 
varieties of apples and whether his other fruits or crops pay. All these things 
will be shown by this set of farm cost accounts. 

The desire to keep accounts of this sort is evidenced by many growers, but 
they do not know how to start. Undoubtedly many are deterred from starting 
because of their ignorance of bookkeeping and because they have in mind no 
definite method of procedure. It is believed that the system outlined in this 
book of instructions will be helpful to those who desire to keep accounts and 
who have not worked out a system for themselves. 



KNOWLEDGE OF BOOKKEEPING NOT REQUIRED 

According to G. F. Warren, of Cornel University, bookkeeping knowledge is 
unnecessary. Commercial bookkeeping training, in most cooperative work, has 
been a detriment rather than a help. This is due to the fact that trained book- 
keepers are apt to use complex technicalities, suitable for a business house but 
which have no place for a practical grower who wishes to do cost accounting. 



DIFFICULTIES OF FARM BOOKKEEPING 

There are several reasons why farm accounts are different from those of 
the city merchant. The storekeeper deals with actual figures; that is, he knows 
definitely what each article costs him and what he receives for it. His records 
are not nearly so subject to variations in values from time to time as is the 
case of the farmer. Professor Bailey says: "The entire subject of farm ac- 



4 TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCONTING 

counting must be attacked in a new way. The ordinary bookkeeping will not 
apply." The reason is obvious. Farming is a much more complicated business 
than most people suppose. 

A famer is both a producer and a dealer. He needs financial records 
as complete as the average merchant and cost records as accurate as those of 
the manufacturer. But the records must be adapted to the business in hand. 
"The ordinary bookkeeping will not apply." The farmer is usually a busy 
man. What he wants is a plain, simple, straightforward history of his business, 
so arranged and classified as to require the minimum effort to keep it up. 



SIMPLICITY OF THIS SYSTEM 

This system of cost accounting eliminates all the disadvantges of writing the 
different items of expense, income receipts and man and horse hours under the 
different departments of the farm. 

The principal idea worked out in this system is to do away with any writing 
on the part of the grower during the busy season. Instead of writing the different 
items of expense, etc., the grower keeps a time record of hired help, horses and 
himself by making a tabulation on the different forms. All that is necessary to 
keep accurate accounts is to enter the number of hours worked and purchases 
and sales made. The first three forms of Tweeds System will give an accurate 
set of costs to complete the remaining outlined forms. 



REQUIREMENTS FOR FARM COST ACCOUNTS 
Several records are necessary for a complete set of farm accounts: 
( 1 ) An inventory at the beginning and at the end of the year. 

(2) An account of all money paid out or received. 

(3) A record of all work done by men and horses during the year. 



TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTING 



INVENTORY 

Generally an inventory requires from two to five hours' work at the beginning 
and at the end of the year on an average sized farm. Only one inventory is 
necessary for closing one year's accounts and starting the next, making it possible 
to do this work all at one time. The inventory should comprise a detailed 
list with values of the following: The farm, subdivided into buildings and land, 
each building listed separately, with the number of acres of land and its value per 
acre; the machinery, each item being listed separately, except collecting the small 
tools as one item; account of feed on hand; increase or decrease in capital, cash 
on hand and money in bank; and bills receivable. The mortgage and bills pay- 
able, if any, should be subtracted from the total and the difference will be what 
the grower is worth above debts, or his present net worth. 

The price of a farm should neither be over or under estimated and the value 
put upon the land should be what it is considered worth at a normal sale. To 
save trouble it is always best to use fair judgment and be unbiased. 



VALUE OF INVENTORY 

An annual inventory will be a better investment for the time and labor 
expended than any other account. The farmer can accurately compute whether 
he has made a gain or loss, and how much, by comparing the net worth as shown 
by the current inventory with the net worth shown by that of the previous year. 

The annual gain or loss of the farm business will be shown by the annual 
inventory. The farmer will be surprised to note which accounts show a gain and 
which a loss when he begins to use the cost account system. A complete system 
of accounts of this kind is the only way to obtain these results. 



TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTING 



CONCLUSION 

Unless conclusions are drawn enabling one to make his business more profit- 
able in the future, these farm accounts will be of little value. The study of the 
different items of cost and returns in an account is just as important as to know 
whether or not it pays, for from such a study the cost of production may be 
reduced and a losing enterprise made to pay or a profitable one made more profit- 
able. Weather, field crop, and market conditions for the year as compared with 
an average year must be considered and it must be kept in mind that the results 
are from just a single year. For instance the apple crop in 1912-1914 showed 
large losses on many orchards because of the low prices and lack of distribution. 
However, by studying the apple account to find the cost of producing a box, then 
by considering both an average yield and prices for the locality, one could draw 
the conclusion that ordinarily it would or would not be profitable business to raise 
apples on most of the orchards where apples are raised. 

There are other ways in which the accounts may be useful besides the satis- 
faction of actually knowing what crops paid and how much. This system of cost 
accounts may be used to study the seasonal distribution of labor on the farm as 
a whole and on separate enterprises, and also to determine what enterprises and 
what crops are the most profitable. Also the grower can find how his efforts 
compare with those of other growers as to economy of labor and many other 
points by comparing his results with the facts detailed in this system. 

The value of labor is especially impressed upon the grower who keeps cost 
accounts. He finds from this that time represents money and that it is equally as 
important to save one as the other. He sees that it is more wasteful to keep a 
horse or team idle than to have one man idle for the same length of time. It may 
be surprising to note that very often the leargest yields of certain crops do not pay 
if cost accounts are kept. It may be found that the crop which the grower thinks 
the most profitable and to which he devotes most of his time is being produced 
at a loss, while the steadier, more common kind of field crop may be the only one 
that shows a profit. 

The purpose of this system of cost accounting is to offer suggestions to 
growers who have kept accounts but who have not been satisfied with the results 
obtained. It can also be followed as a guide by many others who have wished 
to keep accounts but have not known how to make a beginning. 



TWEEDS SYSTEM OP FARM ACCOUNTING 7 

LABOR RECORD 

The name of the individual employed should be listed on the form as illust- 
rated below. The number of hours spent on the different operations should be 
indicated by figures in the date column. 

At the end of the month the total number of hours consumed on the different 
kinds of work should be added and listed in the total column. 

To find the rate per hour: — If hired help is paid $65.00 per month, divide 
the total number of hours into the wage paid per month. 

If labor is paid 25 cents per hour as illustrated in this form, a simple 
method of determining the cost of different kinds of work is obtained by dividing 
the total number of hours of labor performed by 4. 



TlP^f^m MAN OR HORSE MONTHLY LABOR SHEET no 
Timeof Roy Gonnor? . from Oct. / 19/6 to A/ov- / is 


3' 






16 inclusive 


~«o, 


' 


■ 


■ 


« 


' 


• 


- 


' 


' 


,„ 


>' 


» 


,3 


» 


» 


» 


- 


,. 


„ 


,0 


3, 


» 


M 


„ 


« 


a6 


„ 


J8 


„ 


. 


3, 


M 


a.r. 


1__ 


Pruning 


































































ZSf 


* 




Brush Burning 








































































• Spraying 








































































O Tree Care 






















10 










































/■n 




3. 


in 


? Cultivating 








































































1 Irrigating and Dttclifng 








































































Cover Croping 








































































Fertilizing - 








































































Thlnnlnc 
























































































































































































































■0 Management 








































































£ RenairinK 




10 












1 








5 








































^ 




4 


00 


^ FfiCd 
















































































































































Haul lo and From Town 
















$ 
















































'/ 




1. 


ri 


Making Boxes 






7 


























































7 






7,f 


* Haul to and From Orchard 






4 


























































,? 






ff 




' 






























































10 




X 


SO 










ID 


10 


10 




ID 










/o 




10 


/o 


10 


10 








w 


It) 


ll> 




/I) 


^0 










l+n 




IS 




> Tacking 






































10 


10 
























JO 




5 
























ft 






































ffl 


/f) 


10 


tf 




< 


Tf 






















,V 












































S 




' 


7-f 








































































Land improvements 








































































Bulidinc 
























5 








































S 




/ 


1.5 


Alfalfa 01 
























































































































































































































5 
















































































































































^ 








































































> 
























































































































































































































A. M. 


A 
















f\ 






































T 


rtil 


qIo 


1H 






Field or Block i' M 






















F) 






































*(>S 





LABOR RECORD 

If horse record is kept, a separate form should be used for each team or 
horse if driven separately. In case a man is driving the team continuously, the 
record for both can be placed on one sheet. 

If a field or tract account is desired, an initial or number can be placed in 
the date columns illustrated above. 



8 TWEEDS SYSTEM OP FARM ACCOUNTING 

DISTRIBUTION SHEET OF EXPENSES 

The most convenient method of using this form is to tabulate the different 
expenditures from the monthly statement received from the merchant or elsewhere. 
As an illustration, May 1st a statement is received from Smith Merchantile Co. 
for $51.50, the different items of expense are segregated into the different named 

columns. 

DISTRIBUTION SHEET OF EXPENSES 



\r~- byslem 



DEBIT AND CREDIT ACCOUNT 



i;ij'.\\ l\.. i osts 



Sn?,tf> 7?Ure«nf; /* Co. 



£1 



Farm ers Q> nheraKuf Store 



H, qh/ar,rJ Cana/ Co 



Wg-thrn Lumbtr Co 



jA.sk 




For simplicity in keeping a debit and credit account the total amount of 
statement is entered into the credit account of bills and accounts payable. If part 
or total payment on account is made the amount is entered into the debit account 
of bills and accounts payable. As illustrated above $10 is applied on Smith 
Merchantile Co. debit account, leaving a balance due them of $41.50. 

DISTRIBUTION SHEET OF RECEIPTS 






DEBIT AND CREDIT ACCOUNT 



FRUIT RE' F.IJ'T. 



Thomas Jortt 



JA 



Fi.mrr-r. Co dhrrutiv e Stnre\ UU 



/:-'• 



Fr-c f J C/ar/t 



li 



Cie n rc/e- Waft- 



JA 



l.utAr.r M c Qc 



usL. 




DISTRIBUTION SHEET OF RECEIPTS 

1 he toal amount of products, etc. sold is entered into the debit account 
of bills and accounts receivable. When part or total payment is made or the 

DISTRIBUTION SHEET OF LABOR 




TWEEDS SYSTEM OP FARM ACCOUNTING 



9 



products, etc., are sold it is entered into the credit account of bills and accounts 
receivable. 

For illustration the total amount of bills and accounts receivable credit, is 
$107.70, subtract this amount from $157.70 the total debit, which leaves a 
difference of $50.00, the amount at the close of these accounts still due you, 
and by referring to the different items of receipts you find Thomas Jones still 



From AAu<j I 



Ja, 



OVERHEAD COSTS 



HARVESTING COSTS 



DIVERSIFIED COSTS 



3.6SQ 




owes you $50.00 for a horse sold him May 1 . 

DISTRIBUTION SHEET OF LABOR 
The labor distribution sheet serves the purpose of segregating the labor items 
which are obtained from form 1 , under the different named columns. The debit 
and credit accounts in form 2 are applied to this form in the same manner. 



from JiAajj I 




The use of this form is only necessary for the large farm employing a large 
number of men. This record is a convenient form to make a carbon copy for a 
distant owner of a farm to analyze the labor costs. 
From JuLjj JJL 19/il To 19 no 3 




10 



TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTING 



VALUE OF FARM AND EQUIPMENT 
The value of real estate is amount paid for the property when purchased, plus 
the cost of improvements since the time of purchase. The actual productive value 
of real estate can be obtained from the summary in form 8, after a farm record 
has been kept for a few years. The real estate value should be the same at the 
end of the year unless improvements have been made. The depreciation of build- 



RECORD OF A YEARS BUSINESS ON A FARM 

Record for the year beginning Junuarcf 



19J5 

, Tost Office 
■ of Railroad 



. nding Zltctmitr 19/6 

State 

. Farm Area /S 



Miles from market 

No. of acres tillable. IS , Not tillable Water, Roads, Etc., 

Owner or Rent or Cash rent Share rent 

Value of farm, $./.$£> Q.Q , Average per acre $/,.Q.OO. , Water right per acre $ 
Valueof house $£,000 ,Bam$AOO. Storage %X50, . Packing shed * 

Other buildings ( SO. . Amount paid for land when purchased 

VALUE OF FARM AND EQUIPMENT 



Real Estate and Buildings first o 

i . Stock first 

\I„. 1.;::, ry and Tools first o 

Hay, Feed Apples, Etc first .. 

Hills Receivable first o 

( ash "ii I, and and in bank first 

Total Investment 

Bills I'ayable 
Net Win tli 



eai f, I J, 500. end of year iJf.SOO. 

ear$ ^0. end of year $ Jf.1.5. 

ear * &6Z. end ol y, a i J^S- 

ear* 60, end of year $ 60. 

,ar * end of year $ SO. 

ea r $ /OQ. e nd of year $ tOO- . 

t%}5l. ><i,+oi %/5,+od 



Average Capita] 

oi 1 



■19.3 70 

> / 6 



STOCK RECE 


PTS 


AMOUNT RATE 


TOTAL 


MISCELLANEOUS 


AMOUNT RATE 


TOTAL 






& 


* 


Labor 


* 


» 




Team Work 


/0< 


.5.00! So. 00 






/Oo/As .,^0 30.OO 


Machine Work 










Cash Rent for 






JS.00 




Rent of Buildings 












l&d°> .2.5 4-.OQ 












































-. 1 


















Total 


34-. 00 


Total 


65. 00 



ings will vary with the use and the location. Five per cent is considered a general 
average. 

The average capital is obtained by adding the total investment the first 
and end of the year, and divide by 2. 

The records for stock and miscellaneous receipts are listed on form 3. 



TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTING 



11 



INVENTORY 

The inventory should be taken at the time the accounts are opened and 
closed. Only the one inventory is necessary for closing one year's account and 
opening the next, making it possible to do all the work at one time. 

The depreciation of farm machinery will vary with the kind of implement, 
the care given it, and the district in which your farm is located. A depreciation 
of 1 0% is considered an average for all farm implements. 



INVENTORY 





i»JS 


1.7 fc 


MACHINERY 


I9/J- 


»/i 


MACHINERY 


NO ' Hate 1 Value 




value 


K, Hate 


Value 


No 


Bat. 


Value 


Heavy Wagons 


/ 




* 90 


/ 




* tl 


Automobile 


» 


* 




* 


X. 
















Aulo Trucks 












Pleasure Wagons 














Caterpillar 












Sleighs 














Packing Press 


1 


IZ 


/ 




IO 




/ 




IS 


/ 




IS 


Packing Benches 














Sulky or Gang Plows 












Stamping Machines 


I 




IS 


/ 




It 


Disc Harrows 


/I 'So 


1 




+,r 


Orchard Ladders 


X 


it 


lb 


3. 


r 


14- 


Spike-tooth Harrows 


! 1 








Picking Buckets 


* 


1 


f. 


& 


i 


4 


Spnng-toolh Harrows 


i 




?,4 


I 




t,t 


Sprayer 


1 




■fe?„T 


1 




■W 




i 




f 


1 




,f 


Spraying Plant 




























Hand Sprayer 
























































Pruning Tools 


~L 


/.SO 


<?■ 


s 


i. 


S 




■ I 




1+ 


I 




3,3, 


Wood Saws 














Potato Planter 














Evaporator 




























Minor Equipment 














Garden Planter 














Cream Separator 


i 




$5 


1 




Ho 




i 




hi 






f>0 


Dairy Utensils 














Hav Rake 


1 




.12. 


/ 




30 


Poultry Equipment 














Hay Fork and Stacker 












Bee Equipment 














Potato Digger 














Work Harness 


i 




SS 


1 




,fe 


Grain Binder 


























Header Binder 










































































































































Total 


t i SOS 


4 1 177 


Total 


ill ' 57* 


xo So6 



LIVE STOCK 






15 tS 


197(5 


PUaCHASED 


BOLD 


DIED 


ANIMALS— KIND 


NO ; VallJ , ,.„,.,, 


No Value 


Total 


NO Value ■ Total 


No 1 Value 


Tolal 


No. 


Cows 


/ 


* to. 


3 


* 7S 


-Ui 


J * 


-» 


s 




Heifers 


2. 


4u 


io 


1 


4-a 












Calves 




















































| 


















--! 




























a. 


xso. 


Soo 




















































/ 




7° 










































Ewes 




























Lambs 
























































Brood Sows 




























Other Hogs 




























Pigs 




























Chickens 


*o 


l.oo 


4» 


50 


1.00 


So 


s 


3.oo 


15. 


zo 


1.00 


xo 


-2. 
























































Bees 


S bM> 50 


L 


Soo 


so 








i ; Loo 


It 




Total 


8/o 


\ I'S 






IS 


, 


3g 





The inventory on live stock should be taken when the accounts are opened 
and closed. In illustration above it is noted that young stock increases in value 
from the first of the year to the end of the year. Many animals may decrease 
in value from the first of the year to the end of the year due to condition, age, etc. 

The figures giving the purchases and sales of live stock are obtained from 
forms 2 and 3. 



12 TWEEDS SYSTEM OP FARM ACCOUNTING 

CROP RECORD 

To keep accurate record of acreage of different crops the tabulation should 
be made at the time of planting or seeding. The record of farm sales is obtained 
from form 3. The production cost is obtained from forms 1 and 2. The differ- 
ence between farm sales and production cost equals the net worth, for both total 
and per box, per bushel, and per ton, etc. 



CROPS FOR YEAR OF /5iif_ 



C [Id PS 


TIKI. I) 


I'MIM SM.I'S 


Production Costa 


NET PROFIT 


KlnJ 


Acaes 




r.r.i. 


«»>.«r TR-ce | v«iKe 


Total 


Per 


Total 


Per 


Corn 








% 


% 


I 




$ 




Com for Silare 










































/ 




70'"' 


30 


1.00 


30.oo 










Field Beans 






















Roots, kind 












































Wheat 


















Oats 


















It.Tl.-V 


















Rye 
















Straw 


































Seeds 


































1 1 i . 




















Allalfa 


s 


4 


xo 
































Berries 
































Apples 


14-i. 


4-0 O 


flOOO 


S/f SO l.oo 


5,<?50. 


*,SJ6 


.60 


23ffo. 


.40 


I'-ars 
















I'cathes 


A 




■ «... 


/no .30 


3o- 


If 


.11 


II. 


.// 




























































Total 




6.0/0^ 









SUMMARY 
Aven-g, Capital * h.3j0.Q0 

RECEIPTS 

CropjS (Form - ......... $6,0/0, 

Live Stock Sold (Form I $ 3 £ 

Stock Products (Form li $ a "~ 

Miscellaneous {Form 6) $ P O 

Increase in Capital (Form 6) $ 7 6 

Total Receipts $ 6, 3.3.3.°° 

EXPENSES 

Cash Farm Expenses (Form 8) $ 4-, I 9 1.00, 

Live Stock Purchased (Form 7) ... ,.......$., .15,00 

Oth.r Expenses, not rash (Form li $/,0/ J.OO 

Decrease in Capital (Form 61 $ 

Total Expenses $ 5, ZZ5,9° 

Income from Capital and Lai $ I >OQO.QG 

Interest on Capital at £ % $l,54- < 7 ~>6p 

Labor Income %rrS £5*60 *- oss 

SUMMARY 

The amount showing the average capital is obtained from form 6. The use 
of receipts and expenses is illustrated above. 

The income on capital and labor is the difference between expenses and 
receipts. The interest on capital is obtained by multiplying the rate of interest 
times the average capital. Subtracting the interest on capital from income on 
capital and labor gives the labor income. 



TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTING 



U 



THE COST OF PRODUCTION 

The figures giving the growing and overhead cost can be obtained from 
forms 1 and 2. 

The cost of producing a box of apples or other fruits is obtained by dividing 
the total cost of growing or overhead into the total number of boxes of fruit 
produced. The cost of taxes per box is obtained by simple division. To de- 
termine the growing or overhead cost per acre, divide the number of acres into the 
total growing or overhead cost. 



COST OF PRODUCING A BOX OF_/4^^ /e$ _ 



S(|-.lifT 



GROWING COSTS 


19/5" 


Next year's 
Estimate 


OVERHEAD COSTS 


19 /S 


Next year's 
Estimate 




77 




a 




Management 




















Repairing 


4- 


* ? 








4 5 




so 




Feed 


IS 










It 








Taxes 


3.5*1 








S3 




4$ 




Water Assessments 


xi 










J.f 


in 






Interest on Investment 


3.ZQ- 






























i 




/,f Insurance on Buildings 










Thinning 


•*? 








Blacksmilhing, Hardware. Etc. 












II 








Depreciation on Buildings 


zs 






Spray Materials 








1 Interest on Money lo move crops 










TOTAL 


Z7i 


rfi 




TOTAL 


4-ii 


Z.o 














,s 






Growing Cost per Acre 


ss 


76 




]| Overhead Tost per Acre 


\*3 l M 













HARVESTING 


COSTS 












VARIETY 


,,.:,, 




■mJmu. ^H m i S S ' 


,-.„. 


Pao„ I Boa.. 


™.i 




J4.71 


13.6* 


4-1 of- 6b%> S+.7X 13 6t I3,ht 


u*- 


■*/.0f lf-3 b*- 


I3bi 


HS.ix 




.04 




o3 


,oS 


.04-\ .Ol .01 


.eoS 


.0.1 




■ 54- 


Cu'-t- A 












£■50 


33.00 IIS.oF 


/I »o 


3ib t . 


' '" U ~^ 


o4- 


,ol 


oS 


OS 


.ot- 


.ol 


Ol 


ooS 


.ox ./of 


.Ol 


.?,i 










































































12. io 




'J.$j 




■ • o Z.ZO 


33.0 


/io 


<f.i° 


33.bo 


3.XO 


IIX.OO 










.oS 




Ol 


.ocS 


.nX 


./OS 


.0/ 


.ysi- 
























bz 














































































































































































Total 
























^7J/A 


«""■ So* 


.04- 


■or 


■ 04 


■ OS 


■0 + 


■Ql 


.Of 


oos' 


03 


./os 


.0/ 


■ ZS 


Urowlog and Overhead 
























J.S 


TOTAL 
























.60 



HARVESTING COST 

The cost of picking, sorting, packing, etc., of the different varieties is 
obtained by marking the initial of the variety on the labor sheet when the operation 
is being performed. See the above form for illustration. 



14 



TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTING 



To find the costs of harvesting the different kinds of fruit the same method 
can be used as explained above. 

It is not advisable to keep the harvesting cost of all varieties unless the 
grower desires to eliminate varieties that cost more to produce than returns he 
receives. 



INCOME SEGREGATION OF Af>f>l&s 

SHOWING NET F. E. RETURNS FROMCrowe rs AiSO ciatlon ALL CHARGES OF EVERY 
NATURE HAVING BEEN DEDUCTED INCLUDING DISTRIBUTION COST OF /0/ PER BOX 









EXTRA FANCY 


FANCY 


C GRADE 


BT-PRODUCTS 






Hosts lv. W 


'■■ > B 


Rose. 1 Aver.*. 


Rosea Average 


Rosea 


Averas-e 


VV,'n«-sayfe 


f30 111 


33, i /.a. 


r //o 


.t<0 








S fr (fl & ?7 6 U f Q 


flZ />7 


2.6b • 1/5 


/3A 


.fa 




















































































fi#n Da.\Ji', 


/&o S6 


9f> 


.4-1 


^ 


J6 














































































































! 




TOTAL 


1 7fx I og 


7'° ! .it, 


t 3oi J"5, 






SUMMARY TABLE OF GROSS AND NET RETURNS 




EXTRA FANCY 


FANCY 




BY-PRODUCTS 






... P.., ,,i. »vra S 


Rosea 1:..„t. vvcrai< 


Rosea He. ,.<->* f 


n n..,.i 


v.. «. 


Rosea Recpl 


Averam 




17 72. 


1.0 


1 7/o 




/SOo 




Sfr?, 














Return 








Ai*iso .t>4+ 




























<UJ> 






















Per Boa 


1 


.1,0 










.&£, 








| 




















1 


:,., (:-'■■ - ■ 


1 .46 


I'riio 




l-.ot< 












VARIETY 


""'' t'""'' . '""'' ; ''"'"' 


■•„,, 


!■;.; c f 


KrIS." 


S-'erTyV. 




■2&X. 


g„o!r r r?r. 


\N'ine.£,Q fi 


htti\xm Z% 




-K/n 


Jitf 


zs.4 


L 


7X 


4- 


i^/sifz.e.hi 


uro 


tzfi xH ixi. 




f<<sR 


'7* 


xxo 


s 


i 


































































































Be.n X)a v it. 


So fi 


tof* 


%o< 






^ < 


4-0/e 


f-0 


" T 








/ 












/ 




















































































































































Total 
















■a 9. 







INCOME SEGREGATION 

The data for the returns of the different varieties, grades, boxes and averages 
can be obtained from the selling agency when returns are made. If cash sales 
are made this information can be obtained from form 3. 

The average return per box of one grade and all varieties is obtained by 
adding the averages and divide by the number of varieties. Above for illustration. 

The method of finding the net returns is by subtracting the cost of pro- 
ducing a box from the genera] average or from any variety or grade. Form 1 
for illustration showing costs: 



TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTIG 15 

PERCENTAGE OF GRADES, INVENTORY, ETC. 

The percentages of grades of different varieties, grades, and sizes are of 
value in determining the amount of thinning and pruning that is necessary to obtain 
a high percentage of extra fancy fruit. 

Keeping the inventory of the number of trees of the different varieties cannot 
be urged too strongly. This in normal years will assist in getting estimates of the 
different varieties before the beginning of the fruit season. 

SPRAYING RECORD 

The spray record is useful for keeping data on the different spraying operations. 
This form is also of value in determining the cost of different spray materials, 
gasoline and other oils. 

In keeping this record accurate the grower must keep the daily record of the 



SPRAY RECORD FOR THE YEAR OF_ 



SPRAVS 


L ""' K "" t rtl 


T.„l *"■""• T "" *<"*>» ' :Am „,i\ Co., 


ATOOO, 


Co., 


''"""'• 


„„,«, 


Spr',, 


Cond,„o». 












Ul Ar.eo.t. 


S- 10 0. B 1 


>2te.ro\ 








1 














k- + h 
























)rd Ar.en.te /. , X C 
























•U Ar.en..« 





















Apple Powdery Mildew 




Apple 


Roeette 




Rosy Apple Aphle WlnM 


r InUrr 


Pe»ch Twig Borer 












1 








1 



ADDITIONAL SPRAY DATA 






PICKING RECORD 

DATES OF PICKING. STORAGE. ETC 





KffiS 


^TJ,\T 


■jgy 


prH"o« 


"ISJS" 


T, f:„,':" 




r TJ<Z 


T '^I" 


'. S -T ■=—■ «- 




10-1 




Ida 






j-j* 













PICKING RECORD 

number of tanks applied, mixture, pressure and temperature. The record of date, 
kind and costs of materials can be obtained from the labor and expense sheets. 

The information for the picking record can be obtained easily from the labor 
sheet, provided the initial of each variety is marked in the column for the date of 
picking, the date of hauling from orchard and the date hauled to town. This 



16 



TWEEDS SYSTEM OF FARM ACCOUNTING 



Farm monthly or Yearly 
Statement of accounts 



^,J,n VA rj, 


, /Qo.i ■ 


T.Jan^ 


t SQ.oo 


Frid Cla r/< 


, /Loo 



record can be approximated for each picking. These 
records can be compared with the cold storage records and 
in this way accurate record can be obtained as to the 
keeping qualities of the different varieties. 

FARM STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS 
When deposits are made with the bank the amounts 
should be entered on form 5. This form serves the pur- 
pose of balancing the financial accounts with the bank 
when the accounts are closed. The use of "Economick" 
check book will work in readily with this system of ac- 
counting:. 



-EL-Q-T 722 



/9/J - 






























Ficlcf Crept. 





/-r-ri^ a tion T^yfe* 



FARM PLOT 

The farm plot serves the purpose of locating drain tile, pipe and flume lines, 
field crops, buildings, home garden, roads, woods, orchard, etc. 

The dash and dot system is one of the simplest methods of locating the dif- 
ferent fields, varieties, etc. 

The use of the farm plot cannot be urged too strongly as a yearly record. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

" I II llll II III II III llll II 



002 778 850 6 



.atek** 1 Printing Co %>* 

-N^0>^ v Publishers *^fy?^ 

^ a^ farm Accounting 

Pacific Building, Seattle, Washington 



